Upconversion nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a in-depth analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various asp

Zinc oxide is a mineral renowned for its remarkable ability to protect delicate skin. This gentle ingredient has long been employed in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective characteristics. Forming a physical shield on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful UV ra